Background: Rural women due of the ongoing activities are exposed to sunlight and skin cancer. Protection motivation theory effectively preventive behaviors of skin cancer are predicted. This study aimed to protection motivation theory of skin cancer preventive behaviors in rural women was carried out.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 230 rural women from 4 villages Nahavand city with a population of over 1000, were determined randomly. Referring to health centers in selected villages, rural women were selected through simple random .Data to the protection motivation theory was based on a questionnaire, interviews with rural women collect and then use the linear regression (stepwise) and Pearson were analyzed.

Results: Mean age participations were 30.55±7.50 years.  In the regression model motivation (ß=0.21, p<0.004), perceived severity (ß=-0.16, p<0.013), perceived costs (ß=-0.16, p<0.021) and fear (ß=-0.15, p<0.013) were significant predictors of skin cancer preventive behaviors. This model accounted for 25 percent of the variance in these behaviors.

Conclusion: According to constructs of the theory associated with the use of means of protection against the sun's rays, educational programs and health promotion using the theory to increase the motivation of rural women to use protective equipment, is emphasized.