Background: Adherences to diet is essential for the treatment of hemodialysis patients. Nonadherence to treatment is directly associated with worse clinical outcomes.This study was designed to determine the association between Adherences to diet with perceived social support and self-efficacy among hemodialysis patients .

  Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 203 hemodialysis patients were selected by census sampling. Data were gathered by demographic questionnaire, multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), strategies used by patients to promote health (SUPPH) questionnaire, and the renal adherence behavior questionnaire (RABQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation statistics.

  Result : Our findings showed that there was significant relationship between perceived social support and self-efficacy with adherence to diet (p=0.001). In addition, a relationship was found between perceived social support with serum phosphate and potassium levels (p=0.023, p=0.043), moreover, there was a correlation between self-efficacy and between dialysis weight gain (p=0.004).

  Conclusion: The findings indicated that patients with greater perceived social support and self-efficacy had higher levels of adherences to diet. Based on these findings, to enhance adherence with therapeutics regimen it is necessary increasing the perceived social support and self-efficacy in patients with renal failure.