Background: Febrile convulsion is the most common seizure in children under 5 years.Therefore this study carried out to determine the effects of education based on Health Belief Model (HBM)  on mothers’ behavior preventing from febrile convulsion in their children.

Methods: This is a pre-post Clinical trial, in which one hundred women referred to health centers of Arak city were participated. The subjects were randomly divided to case and control groups. Data gathering device is a questionnaire developed based on Health Belief Model (HBM).The questionnaire was filled for the members of the groups both before and three months after the educational intervention, then the gathered data was analyzed.

Results: Findings of the study  showed that before educational intervention the mothers’ perceived susceptibility and severity from febrile convulsion in their children were less than average and their perceived barriers was more than average. After the educational intervention mothers’ perceived barriers to prevent from seizures decreased and their performance in this area increased (p< 0/05).

Conclusion: Finding of this research confirmed that education based on HBM improves mothers’ behavior preventing from febrile convulsion in their children.